| Details: Prepared by Mass Home Care
Issue: As part of their FY 2011 budget narrative, The White House is proposing changes to the structure of the very successful HUD 202 housing program. One of the changes proposed appears to be the limiting of service coordination in HUD projects to just one form of service provider: the PACE programs.
Concern: For Massachusetts, such a decision would stifle the important progress being made at the community level with HUD 202 projects in which Area Agencies on Aging/Aging Services Access Points serve as the service coordinators. Not only are PACE programs in Massachusetts limited in number and location, omitting large parts of the state, but their access to support services does not include some sources that are complimented by the ASAP/AAA network, such as state home care funding and the Older American Act. ASAPs and AAAs already have a strong track record in helping to create 2020 housing (see list below) and have demonstrated that they can work with housing developers and elderly consumers. The ASAP/AAAs can also work with people who are not yet meeting the definition of nursing home eligible, which gives them more flexibility to work with a broader range of consumers. PACE programs can make a good support service coordinator, but they should be one option for consumers from a longer list of experienced and qualified agencies.
Background: HUD provides capital advances to finance the construction, rehabilitation or acquisition with or without rehabilitation of structures that will serve as supportive housing for very low-income elderly persons, including the frail elderly, and provides rent subsidies for the projects to help make them affordable. The Section 202 program helps expand the supply of affordable housing with supportive services for the elderly. It provides very low-income elderly with options that allow them to live independently but in an environment that provides support activities such as cleaning, cooking, transportation, etc. The Cranston-Gonzalez National Affordable Housing Act of 1990 explains the purpose of the program: to enable elderly persons to live with dignity and independence by expanding the supply of affordable housing that (1) is designed to accommodate the special needs of elderly persons and (2) provides a range of supportive services that are tailored to the needs of elderly persons occupying such housing.
HUD’s administrative data show that, as of 2006, over 6,000 Section 202 facilities housed approximately 263,000 households headed by older people. Occupancy in Section 202 housing is open to any very low-income household comprised of at least one person who is at least 62 years old at the time of initial occupancy.
According to a June, 2008 study by HUD of the 202 Supportive House program, the median age of Section 202 residents as of 2006 was 74 years, and 31 percent were age 80 or older. For elderly persons admitted to Section 202 housing that year, the median age was 70 years, and about 19 percent of all persons admitted to Section 202 housing were age 80 or older.
A critical aspect of Section 202 housing is that it can accommodate residents with supportive services as they become more frail. A majority of facilities (73.9 percent) have grab rails, and 91.1 percent have a ramp or a level entrance. In the newer projects (built since 1990), nearly 100 percent of projects have at least one accessible unit, and 43 percent of all units are wheelchair-accessible.
A majority of Section 202 projects have the capacity to provide an array of communal services for their residents. Community space for social and recreational facilities is available and used in 90.2 percent of projects. Spaces for congregate dining and supportive service providers are used in about half of projects.
Costs of formal services are generally not paid by HUD, but instead are paid through a variety of other sources, principally through Medicaid. Examples of formal services are meals, housekeeping, assistance with medications, bathing, etc. A service coordinator is a person trained to work with residents and their families when supportive services are needed. In 2006, 38 percent of all Section 202 properties reported having a service coordinator on staff.
Residents who move into a Section 202 project between the ages of 75 and 79 typically reside in the project for 6.28 years. If the alternative to provision of housing plus supportive services is to permanently live in a nursing home, then for the entire 6.28 years that a person would have stayed in Section 202 housing, the total cost of institutionalization would be an estimated $329,000. This amount is nearly twice as expensive as the cost of providing Section 202 housing with a full set of personal services, and is almost four times the cost of providing Section 202 housing with less intensive services.
Service Coordination: 202 Project sponsors are required to make available necessary services that may include meal and nutritional services, housekeeping aid, personal assistance, transportation aid and health-related services. Virtually all of the cost of these services is paid for through external sources, although the program does make funding available to pay for the cost of service coordinators. Project rental assistance covers the difference between reasonable operating costs and the portion of the rent paid by tenants. Project rental assistance can be used to pay for fifteen percent of supportive services costs, not to exceed $15 per month per unit. Tenants contribute on the basis of their income, generally paying 30 percent of monthly income for rent and sometimes paying additional amounts for services. Program eligibility is limited to very low-income households with a head, spouse or co-head age 62 or older.
A service coordinator is a person trained to work with residents and their families when supportive services are needed. His or her role is to assist residents in obtaining supportive services, coordinate service delivery to maximize independent living, and monitor the quality and quantity of services to fit the wants and needs of residents. Originally authorized by Congress in the housing acts of 1990 and 1992, service coordinators have emerged as staff members at many Section 202 facilities in the past decade. In Massachusetts, resident service coordinators are most often employees of the Area Agency on Aging (AAA/ASAP) who work with housing authority staff and others on behalf of the residents.
The reported impact of service coordinators on residents has been very beneficial. Less than 4 percent of facility managers reported “no impact” on residents from the introduction of service coordinators. On the other hand, more than three-quarters reported that service coordinators had increased the range of services (90.5 percent), increased the quality of services (78.3 percent), and allowed residents to stay independent longer (81.1 percent).
Other public sources of funds for personal care services are local governments, Older Americans Act funds, the Federally Qualified Health Center Program (for community health centers), PACE (adult day health care) and the Medicare program. However, Medicaid is still by far the largest source of funds for publicly financed home and community-based care. Following the Supreme Court’s 1999 Olmstead decision, States made increased use of the Medicaid program to increase both the amount and share of its resources going to home and community services.
The White House Proposal: The White House budget for FY 2011 states that “HUD is exploring the possibility of a partnership with HHS to combine HHS funding for supportive services with Section 202 funding. Programs such as the All-inclusive Care for the Elderly/All Services in One Location (PACE model) may be used to fund the supportive service component of the redesigned program. Developed in the mid-1980’s, PACE provides comprehensive services to enable elderly residents to remain in independent, rather than institutional, living environments. It became a permanent program under Medicare in 1997. PACE provides social and medical services primarily in an adult day health center, supplemented by in-home and referral services based on the participant's needs. As of 2003, approximately one-third of the currently existing PACE program sites are co-located with HUD assisted housing.
PACE Program
The PACE program is a capitated managed care benefit for the frail elderly provided by a not-for-profit or public entity. The PACE program features a comprehensive medical and social service delivery system using an interdisciplinary team approach in an adult day health center that is supplemented by in-home and referral services in accordance with participants' needs. Participants must be at least 55 years old, live in the PACE service area, and be certified as eligible for nursing home care by the appropriate State agency. The PACE program becomes the sole source of services for Medicare and Medicaid eligible enrollees.
An interdisciplinary team, consisting of professional and paraprofessional staff, assesses participants' needs, develops care plans, and delivers all services (including acute care services and when necessary, nursing facility services) which are integrated for a seamless provision of total care. PACE programs provide social and medical services primarily in an adult day health center, supplemented by in-home and referral services in accordance with the participant's needs. The PACE service package must include all Medicare and Medicaid covered services, and other services determined necessary by the interdisciplinary team for the care of the PACE participant.
PACE Locations:
The federal CMS lists only 70 PACE sponsors in the country. In Massachusetts, there are currently 6 PACE programs:
Elder Service Plan of the Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge
Uphams Elder Service Plan, Boston
Elder Service Plan of the North Shore, Lynn
Elder Service Plan of Harbor Health Services, Dorchester
Summit ElderCare (Fallon), Worcester
Elder Service Plan of the East Boston Neighborhood Health Center, Boston
Aging Services Access Points/AAAs
Massachusetts has 23 Area Agencies on Aging, and 27 Aging Services Access Points (ASAPs). 20 of the ASAPs double as AAAs. Every city and town in the Commonwealth is covered by an AAAs and ASAP.
The AAAs, under the Older Americans Act, coordinate and purchase a wide range of community based services, including social support services, nutrition services, family caregiver support, etc. Each AAA develops an area plan for the elderly constituents in their area that addresses local need, including housing and support services.
Under Chapter 19A, 4b of the Massachusetts General Laws, the ASAPs are responsible for a “coordinated system of care (which) shall be administered by agencies… known as aging services access points, hereinafter referred to as ASAPs. ASAPs shall be designated by the department and may be operated nonprofit agencies, home care providers as defined in clause (c) of the third paragraph of section 4, a combination of home care corporations acting jointly or by state agencies. Pursuant to the terms of those contracts, ASAPs shall coordinate services on behalf of Medicaid eligible elders.”
ASAPs are mandated to provide the following services: ASAPs shall be responsible for: (1) providing information and referral services to elders; provided, however, that referrals for terminally ill elders shall include referrals to licensed and certified hospices for determination of eligibility, appropriateness and consumer interest in services; (2) conducting intake, comprehensive needs assessments, preadmission screening and clinical eligibility determinations for elders seeking institutional and community care services from Medicaid or the home care program, which in the case of hospice clients, shall adhere to Medicare and Medicaid conditions of participation pursuant to 42 C.F.R. 418 and 114.3 C.M.R. 43.00; (3) developing a comprehensive service plan based on the needs of an elder, provided, however, that a medical plan of care for an elder shall be developed by a licensed or certified health care provider; (4) arranging, coordinating, authorizing and purchasing community long-term care services called for in the comprehensive service plan; and (5) monitoring the outcomes of and making periodic adjustments to a service plan in consultation with service and health care providers. 202 Housing coordination is just another setting for the core care management services that ASAPs and AAAs have been providing in Massachusetts for 36 years.
In Massachusetts, ASAPs/AAAs have served as a major source of service coordination, and have worked closely with housing developers to create a number of very successful projects. A total of 932 housing units under the 202 program in Massachusetts have access to service coordination through the ASAP/AAA network:
| ASAP/AAA |
202 Project |
Location |
Year Opened |
Number of units |
| Baypath Elder Services |
Mission Springs |
Holliston |
1997 |
75 |
| Coastline Elderly Services |
Acushnet Heights |
New Bedford |
2005 |
34 |
| Elder Services of Berkshire County |
Crossway Village |
Lee |
2006 |
38 |
| Elder Services of Merrimack Valley |
Village at Crystal Lake |
Chelmsford |
2005 |
51 |
| Elder Services of Merrimack Valley |
Village at Mystery Springs |
Westford |
2009 |
37 |
| Elder Services of Worcester Area |
Kateri Tekakwitha Senior Housing |
Auburn |
2010 |
30 |
| Ethos |
Woodbourne Apts |
Jamaica Plain |
1978 |
75 |
| Greater Lynn Senior Services |
Indian Rock |
Location |
2009 |
20 |
| Montachusett Home Care |
Ayer Housing Authority |
Ayer |
2008 |
21 |
| Mystic Valley Elder Services |
Hart’s Hill Heights |
Wakefield |
2007 |
22 |
| Old Colony Elderly Services |
Campello Hi-Rise |
Brockton |
2008 |
400 |
| Springwell |
Nonantum Village |
Newton |
2005 |
34 |
| WestMass ElderCare |
Hubert Place |
South Hadley |
2008 |
45 |
| WestMass ElderCare |
Mont Marie Senior Residence |
Holyoke |
2008 |
50 |
TOTAL 932 units
Conclusion: Mass Home Care would urge members of Congress to oppose any effort to limit support service coordinators only to PACE programs, but rather give the consumer a choice of a wider range of projects that are possible with other coordinator agencies, like the ASAPs and AAAs in Massachusetts.
Source: Mass Home Care
February, 2010 |